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Basic Payloads

Try the simplest script tag first: if it executes, you have reflected or stored XSS. Move to event-handler variants if the tag gets stripped.
Exfiltrate the session cookie to your listener: confirm it’s not HttpOnly first, otherwise go for other DOM-accessible data.

Filter Bypass

Case mixing, encoding, and unusual tags often slip past naive regex filters: test methodically and check what the sanitizer preserves.